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1. What is trafficking?
2. Why people become traffickers?
3.Only women are trafficked?
4.Are people trafficked only for the purpose of sexual exploatation?
5. Who are the traffickers?
6.What is smuggling in migrants?
1.What is trafficking?
Trafficking in human beings means recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring
or receipt of persons for the purpose of sexual or forced labour exploitation
in conditions of slavery or practices similar to slavery or for the purpose of
organs or tissue removal. The traffickers use psychological and/or physical
violence, threatening, kidnapping of persons and confiscation of documents.
Persons can be trafficked within the country and as well as abroad.
2. Why people become traffickers?
Trafficking in human beings is a genuine trans-border network of
organized crime that brings fabulous profits. According to some EUROPOL
estimations, trafficking in human beings generates approximately 8 billion
EUROS per year.
People from poor families represent usually the most vulnerable group
and are exposed to the risk of trafficking. They are promised job
opportunities, studies or even marriages abroad. Unfortunately many accept
these offers without checking their authenticity.
Because of restrictive immigration laws, many people access the services
of third parties that promise them help in obtaining visas and jobs abroad.
People, often, become victims of traffickers, who transport them in
various unknown destinations for the purpose of exploitation.
3.Only women are trafficked?
Not
only women are trafficked but also men. However, the majority of the victims of
human trafficking are women and girls. New data confirm that men are trafficked
to the Baltic Republics and other ex-soviet republics for the purpose of
labour exploitation in agriculture and constructions. Also, entire families are
trafficked to Poland for the purpose of begging.
No,
people are trafficked for different purposes. These include forced labour in
agriculture, in constructions and begging.
5. Who are the traffickers?
It is
very hard to determine the profile of traffickers. Most of the times, they are
or try to be friends with the future victims, encouraging them to leave abroad.
They can be members of the family, such as cousins or uncles/aunts. Ex-victims
can become themselves traffickers, being attracted by the enormous profits
gained from this kind of criminal activity.
More than 50% of those prosecuted for the crime of trafficking in human
beings are women. Nonetheless, we mention those persons that identify
themselves as representatives of abroad employment agencies or intermediaries
that promise job opportunities abroad and arrangements for leaving abroad
(documents, visas).
6.What is smuggling in migrants?
Smuggling
in migrants is the action through which the smuggler facilitates the illegal
entry of one person in a destination country in exchange of a certain fee. The difference
between smuggling with migrants and trafficking in human beings is the
following:
- the
trafficked person may enter in the state of destination by legal means, on the
base of documents obtained legally by the trafficker.
- after
the arrival in the destination country, the migrant is free and not exposed to
exploitation.
- trafficking
always involves the use of deceit, violence, so that the trafficked person is
subject to the sexual or forced labour exploitation.
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